DWIS.MicroState.Model 2.0.1-build.76

This package is developed as part of the Society of Petroleum (SPE) Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standards (D-WIS), a sub-committee of the Drilling System Automation Technical Section. This package contains the data model used by the D-WIS microstate interpretation engine.

There are 5 classes:

• MicroStates
• ProbabilisticMicroStates
• SignalGroup
• Thresholds
• Calibrations

Microstates

The class MicroStates is used to represent the deterministic version of the interpreted drilling process microstates. It has a TimeStampUTC property and 5 32 bit integers to store the encoded values of the microstates.

Each microstate is encoded on 2 bits, therefore providing 4 combinations with the combination 00 reserved to mean undefined. The index for each microstate is encoded in an enumeration: MicroStateIndex.

The MicroStates class defines two methods to update the value at a given microstate position: UpdateMicroState and to read the value at a given microstate index: GetValue. The value is passed as a byte and only the two least significant bits are used.

The MicroStates has the following default semantic:

DynamicDrillingSignal:DeterministicState
ComputedData:DeterministicState#01
JSonDataType:DeterministicState#01
DeterministicState#01 HasDynamicValue DeterministicState
ProcessState:DeterministicProcessState
DeterministicModel:DeterministicProcessState
DeterministicState#01 IsGeneratedBy DeterministicProcessState
DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter:ProcessStateInterpreter#01
DeterministicState#01 IsProvidedBy ProcessStateInterpreter#01

This semantic translates into the following semantic graph:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:DeterministicState([DWIS:DeterministicState]) --> opc:string([opc:string]):::opcClass
	DWIS:DeterministicState_01([DWIS:DeterministicState_01]) --> ComputedData([ComputedData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:DeterministicProcessState([DWIS:DeterministicProcessState]) --> ProcessState([ProcessState]):::typeClass
	DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01([DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01]) --> DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter([DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter]):::typeClass
	DWIS:DeterministicState_01([DWIS:DeterministicState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/JSonDataType([http://ddhub.no/JSonDataType]):::classClass
	DWIS:DeterministicProcessState([DWIS:DeterministicProcessState]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/DeterministicModel([http://ddhub.no/DeterministicModel]):::classClass
	DWIS:DeterministicState_01([DWIS:DeterministicState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:DeterministicState([DWIS:DeterministicState]):::classClass
	DWIS:DeterministicState_01([DWIS:DeterministicState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsGeneratedBy --> DWIS:DeterministicProcessState([DWIS:DeterministicProcessState]):::classClass
	DWIS:DeterministicState_01([DWIS:DeterministicState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsProvidedBy --> DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01([DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01]):::classClass

And to retrieve the deterministic microstate on the Blackboard, one can use the following SparQL query:

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?DeterministicState
WHERE {
	?DeterministicState_01 rdf:type ddhub:ComputedData .
	?DeterministicState_01 rdf:type ddhub:JSonDataType .
	?DeterministicState_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?DeterministicState .
	?DeterministicProcessState rdf:type ddhub:ProcessState .
	?DeterministicProcessState rdf:type ddhub:DeterministicModel .
	?DeterministicState_01 ddhub:IsGeneratedBy ?DeterministicProcessState .
	?ProcessStateInterpreter_01 rdf:type ddhub:DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter .
	?DeterministicState_01 ddhub:IsProvidedBy ?ProcessStateInterpreter_01 .
}

The DynamicDrillingSignal, i.e., the live OPC-UA variable has the type string and contains a Json serialization of the class MicroStates. The Json schema for the classes defined in DWIS.MicroState.Model can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MicroStates.json. The meta data describing the semantic of the class MicroState can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MetaDataMicroStates.json.

There is a method RegisterToBlackboard to create the manifest file and upload it on the Blackboard if necessary. The method check if the semantic has already been uploaded and if that is the case, it only returns a QueryResult place holder.

There is also a method SendToBlackboard used for updating the value on the Blackboard. The QueryResult place holder must be passed as an argument of the function.

ProbabilisticMicroStates

The class ProbabilisticMicroStates is used to store the probabilitic version of the drilling process state in terms of microstates. This class defines a TimeStampUTC property and all the different microstates in the form of either BernoulliDrillingProperty or TernaryDrillingProperty properties. A BernoulliDrillingProperty gives the probability to be in of two states. The probability to be in the other state is therefore the complementary value compared to 1. A TernaryDrillingProperty gives the probabilities to be in each of three states. The sum of the probabilities is equal to 1.

An overall minimum semantic is defined for the class ProbabilitisticMicroStates:

DynamicDrillingSignal:ProbabilisticState
ComputedData:ProbabilisticState#01
JSonDataType:ProbabilisticState#01
ProbabilisticState#01 HasDynamicValue ProbabilisticState
ProcessState:ProbabiliticProcessState
StochasticModel:ProbabiliticProcessState
ProbabilisticState#01 IsGeneratedBy ProbabiliticProcessState
DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter:ProcessStateInterpreter#01
ProbabilisticState#01 IsProvidedBy ProcessStateInterpreter#01
[SemanticFact("ProbabilisticState", Nouns.Enum.DynamicDrillingSignal)]

This semantic translates into the following semantic graph:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState([DWIS:ProbabilisticState]) --> opc:string([opc:string]):::opcClass
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01([DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01]) --> ComputedData([ComputedData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState([DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState]) --> ProcessState([ProcessState]):::typeClass
	DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01([DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01]) --> DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter([DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter]):::typeClass
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01([DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/JSonDataType([http://ddhub.no/JSonDataType]):::classClass
	DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState([DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/StochasticModel([http://ddhub.no/StochasticModel]):::classClass
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01([DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:ProbabilisticState([DWIS:ProbabilisticState]):::classClass
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01([DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsGeneratedBy --> DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState([DWIS:ProbabiliticProcessState]):::classClass
	DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01([DWIS:ProbabilisticState_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsProvidedBy --> DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01([DWIS:ProcessStateInterpreter_01]):::classClass

And to retrieve the probabilistic microstate on the Blackboard, one can use the following SparQL query:

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?ProbabilisticState
WHERE {
	?ProbabilisticState_01 rdf:type ddhub:ComputedData .
	?ProbabilisticState_01 rdf:type ddhub:JSonDataType .
	?ProbabilisticState_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?ProbabilisticState .
	?ProbabiliticProcessState rdf:type ddhub:ProcessState .
	?ProbabiliticProcessState rdf:type ddhub:StochasticModel .
	?ProbabilisticState_01 ddhub:IsGeneratedBy ?ProbabiliticProcessState .
	?ProcessStateInterpreter_01 rdf:type ddhub:DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter .
	?ProbabilisticState_01 ddhub:IsProvidedBy ?ProcessStateInterpreter_01 .
}

The semantic of each individual properties of the class ProbabilisticMicroStates is also defined. For instance the semantic graph corresponding to the property AxialVelocityTopOfString is:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString]) --> opc:array_of_3_double([opc:array_of_3_double]):::opcClass
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01]) --> ComputedData([ComputedData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:tos_01([DWIS:tos_01]) --> TopOfStringReferenceLocation([TopOfStringReferenceLocation]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]) --> MovingAverage([MovingAverage]):::typeClass
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/EnumerationDataType([http://ddhub.no/EnumerationDataType]):::classClass
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString]):::classClass
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsPhysicallyLocatedAt --> DWIS:tos_01([DWIS:tos_01]):::classClass
	DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01([DWIS:AxialVelocityTopOfString_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsTransformationOutput --> DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]):::classClass

However, the properties are not stored individually in the Blackboard, meaning that it is not possible to retrieve only one property at a time by using a SparQL query using the provided semantic. The purpose of the semantic description for each of the property is to have a formal description of the meaning of the property.

The DynamicDrillingSignal, i.e., the live OPC-UA variable has the type string and contains a Json serialization of the class ProbabilisticMicroStates. The Json schema for the classes defined in DWIS.MicroState.Model can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MicroStates.json. The meta data describing the semantic of the class ProbabilisticMicroStates can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MetaDataMicroStates.json.

There is a method RegisterToBlackboard to create the manifest file and upload it on the Blackboard if necessary. The method check if the semantic has already been uploaded and if that is the case, it only returns a QueryResult place holder.

There is also a method SendToBlackboard used for updating the value on the Blackboard. The QueryResult place holder must be passed as an argument of the function.

Thresholds

The Microstate Interpretation Engine needs thresholds to determine the different states. These thresholds are grouped in a class called Thresholds. The class Thresholds has a TimeStampUTC property. The other properties are ScalarDrillingProperty, meaning that their propability distribution is of the Dirac type.

An overall minimum semantic is defined for the class Thresholds:

DynamicDrillingSignal:MicroStateThresholds
ConfigurationData:MicroStateThresholds#01
MicroStateThresholds#01 HasDynamicValue MicroStateThresholds
DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter:MicroStateInterpreter
MicroStateThresholds#01 IsProvidedTo MicroStateInterpreter
MicroStateThresholds#01 IsLimitFor MicroStateInterpreter

This semantic translates into the following semantic graph:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds]) --> opc:string([opc:string]):::opcClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) --> ConfigurationData([ConfigurationData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]) --> DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter([DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:MicroStateThresholds([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds]):::classClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsProvidedTo --> DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]):::classClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsLimitFor --> DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]):::classClass

And to retrieve the probabilistic microstate on the Blackboard, one can use the following SparQL query:

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?MicroStateThresholds
WHERE {
	?MicroStateThresholds_01 rdf:type ddhub:ConfigurationData .
	?MicroStateThresholds_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?MicroStateThresholds .
	?MicroStateInterpreter rdf:type ddhub:DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter .
	?MicroStateThresholds_01 ddhub:IsProvidedTo ?MicroStateInterpreter .
	?MicroStateThresholds_01 ddhub:IsLimitFor ?MicroStateInterpreter .
}

The semantic of each individual properties of the class Thresholds is also defined. For instance the semantic graph corresponding to the property ZeroAxialVelocityTopOfStringThreshold is:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds]) --> opc:string([opc:string]):::opcClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) --> ConfigurationData([ConfigurationData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]) --> DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter([DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:MicroStateThresholds([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds]):::classClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsProvidedTo --> DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]):::classClass
	DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01([DWIS:MicroStateThresholds_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsLimitFor --> DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]):::classClass

However, the properties are not stored individually in the Blackboard, meaning that it is not possible to retrieve only one property at a time by using a SparQL query using the provided semantic. The purpose of the semantic description for each of the property is to have a formal description of the meaning of the property.

The DynamicDrillingSignal, i.e., the live OPC-UA variable has the type string and contains a Json serialization of the class Thresholds. The Json schema for the classes defined in DWIS.MicroState.Model can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MicroStates.json. The meta data describing the semantic of the class ProbabilisticMicroStates can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MetaDataMicroStates.json.

A producer of content for the Thresholds can use two methods that are provided for convenience: RegisterToBlackboard and SendToBlackboard. The method RegisterToBlackboard is used to create the manifest file and upload it on the Blackboard if necessary. The method check if the semantic has already been uploaded and if that is the case, it only returns a QueryResult place holder. The method SendToBlackboard is used for updating the value on the Blackboard. The QueryResult place holder must be passed as an argument of the function.

SignalGroup

The Micro-state Interpretation Engine needs signals that are typically generated by a digital twin. These signals can be generated individually or grouped into a class called SignalGroup. The class SignalGroup has a property TimeStampUTC used to define the time and date at which the SignalGroup has been issued. There are also all the necessary properties used by the Micro-state Interpretation Engine to calculate the micro-states. These properties are of type GaussianDrillingProperty and BernoulliDrillingProperty, meaning that an uncertainty is defined for the passed values, whether the value is a scalar or a boolean one.

An overall minimum semantic is defined for the class SignalGroup:

DynamicDrillingSignal:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates
DigitalTwinAdvice: DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates#01
DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates#01 HasDynamicValue DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates
Simulator:DigitalTwin
DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates#01 IsRecommendedBy DigitalTwin
DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter:MicroStateInterpreter
DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates#01 IsProvidedTo MicroStateInterpreter

This semantic translates into the following semantic graph:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates]) --> opc:string([opc:string]):::opcClass
	DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01]) --> DigitalTwinAdvice([DigitalTwinAdvice]):::typeClass
	DWIS:DigitalTwin([DWIS:DigitalTwin]) --> Simulator([Simulator]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]) --> DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter([DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter]):::typeClass
	DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates]):::classClass
	DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsRecommendedBy --> DWIS:DigitalTwin([DWIS:DigitalTwin]):::classClass
	DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01([DWIS:DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsProvidedTo --> DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter([DWIS:MicroStateInterpreter]):::classClass

And to retrieve the probabilistic microstate on the Blackboard, one can use the following SparQL query:

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates
WHERE {
	?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01 rdf:type ddhub:DigitalTwinAdvice .
	?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates .
	?DigitalTwin rdf:type ddhub:Simulator .
	?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01 ddhub:IsRecommendedBy ?DigitalTwin .
	?MicroStateInterpreter rdf:type ddhub:DWISDrillingProcessStateInterpreter .
	?DigitalTwinSignalsForMicroStates_01 ddhub:IsProvidedTo ?MicroStateInterpreter .
}

The DynamicDrillingSignal, i.e., the live OPC-UA variable has the type string and contains a Json serialization of the class SignalGroup. The Json schema for the classes defined in DWIS.MicroState.Model can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MicroStates.json. The meta data describing the semantic of the class ProbabilisticMicroStates can be found here: https://github.com/D-WIS/MicroStateEngine/blob/main/DWIS.MicroState.JsonSchema/MetaDataMicroStates.json.

The semantic of each individual properties of the class SignalGroup is also defined. For instance the semantic graph corresponding to the property UCS is:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:UCS_bh([DWIS:UCS_bh]) --> DynamicDrillingSignal([DynamicDrillingSignal]):::typeClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) --> PhysicalData([PhysicalData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]) --> MovingAverage([MovingAverage]):::typeClass
	DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01([DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01]) --> CuttingsComponent([CuttingsComponent]):::typeClass
	DWIS:bh_01([DWIS:bh_01]) --> HoleBottomLocation([HoleBottomLocation]):::typeClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/ContinuousDataType([http://ddhub.no/ContinuousDataType]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:UCS_bh([DWIS:UCS_bh]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsOfMeasurableQuantity --> FormationStrengthDrilling([FormationStrengthDrilling]):::quantityClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsTransformationOutput --> DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/ConcernsAFluidComponent --> DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01([DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCS_bh_01([DWIS:UCS_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsPhysicallyLocatedAt --> DWIS:bh_01([DWIS:bh_01]):::classClass

And the one for UCSSlope is:

flowchart TD
	 classDef typeClass fill:#f96;
	 classDef classClass fill:#9dd0ff;
	 classDef opcClass fill:#ff9dd0;
	 classDef quantityClass fill:#d0ff9d;
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh]) --> DynamicDrillingSignal([DynamicDrillingSignal]):::typeClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) --> PhysicalData([PhysicalData]):::typeClass
	DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]) --> MovingAverage([MovingAverage]):::typeClass
	DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01([DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01]) --> CuttingsComponent([CuttingsComponent]):::typeClass
	DWIS:bh_01([DWIS:bh_01]) --> HoleBottomLocation([HoleBottomLocation]):::typeClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/BelongsToClass --> http://ddhub.no/ContinuousDataType([http://ddhub.no/ContinuousDataType]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/HasDynamicValue --> DWIS:UCSSlope_bh([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsOfMeasurableQuantity --> PressureGradientPerLengthDrilling([PressureGradientPerLengthDrilling]):::quantityClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsTransformationOutput --> DWIS:MovingAverage([DWIS:MovingAverage]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/ConcernsAFluidComponent --> DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01([DWIS:CuttingsComponent_01]):::classClass
	DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01([DWIS:UCSSlope_bh_01]) -- http://ddhub.no/IsPhysicallyLocatedAt --> DWIS:bh_01([DWIS:bh_01]):::classClass

If a signal is published individually, i.e., outside a SignalGroup, it can be retrieve by using multiple altenative SparQL queries to accomodate with various possible way of defining the signal. Here is a example based on AxialVelocityTopOfString:

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?sigma_v_tos ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?sigma_v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?sigma_v_tos_01 ddhub:HasValue ?sigma_v_tos .
	?GaussianUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:GaussianUncertainty .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?GaussianUncertainty_01 .
	?GaussianUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyStandardDeviation ?sigma_v_tos_01 .
  BIND (' 1' as ?factOptionSet)
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?sigma_v_tos ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?sigma_v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?sigma_v_tos_01 ddhub:HasValue ?sigma_v_tos .
	?GaussianUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:GaussianUncertainty .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?GaussianUncertainty_01 .
	?GaussianUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyStandardDeviation ?sigma_v_tos_01 .
	?GaussianUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyMean ?v_tos_01 .
  BIND (' 1 11' as ?factOptionSet)
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?v_tos_prec ?v_tos_acc ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_prec_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_prec_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_prec .
	?v_tos_acc_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_acc_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_acc .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:SensorUncertainty .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyPrecision ?v_tos_prec_01 .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyAccuracy ?v_tos_acc_01 .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?SensorUncertainty_01 .
  BIND (' 2' as ?factOptionSet)
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?v_tos_prec ?v_tos_acc ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_prec_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_prec_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_prec .
	?v_tos_acc_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_acc_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_acc .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:SensorUncertainty .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyPrecision ?v_tos_prec_01 .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyAccuracy ?v_tos_acc_01 .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?SensorUncertainty_01 .
	?SensorUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyMean ?v_tos_01 .
  BIND (' 2 21' as ?factOptionSet)
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?v_tos_fs ?v_tos_prop ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_fs_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_fs_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_fs_01 .
	?v_tos_prop_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_prop_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_prop_01 .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:FullScaleUncertainty .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasFullScale ?v_tos_fs_01 .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasProportionError ?v_tos_prop_01 .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?FullScaleUncertainty_01 .
  BIND (' 3' as ?factOptionSet)
}

PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ddhub:<http://ddhub.no/>
PREFIX quantity:<http://ddhub.no/UnitAndQuantity>

SELECT ?v_tos ?v_tos_fs ?v_tos_prop ?factOptionSet
WHERE {
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:PhysicalData .
	?v_tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:ContinuousDataType .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasDynamicValue ?v_tos .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsOfMeasurableQuantity quantity:BlockVelocityDrilling .
	?tos_01 rdf:type ddhub:TopOfStringReferenceLocation .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsPhysicallyLocatedAt ?tos_01 .
	?MovingAverage rdf:type ddhub:MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:IsTransformationOutput ?MovingAverage .
	?v_tos_fs_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_fs_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_fs_01 .
	?v_tos_prop_01 rdf:type ddhub:DrillingDataPoint .
	?v_tos_prop_01 ddhub:HasValue ?v_tos_prop_01 .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 rdf:type ddhub:FullScaleUncertainty .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasFullScale ?v_tos_fs_01 .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasProportionError ?v_tos_prop_01 .
	?v_tos_01 ddhub:HasUncertainty ?FullScaleUncertainty_01 .
	?FullScaleUncertainty_01 ddhub:HasUncertaintyMean ?v_tos_01 .
  BIND (' 3 31' as ?factOptionSet)
}

These SparQL queries can be automatically generated using the semantic that is defined for each individual property. Here is an example in C#:

Assembly? assembly = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(SignalGroup));
var queries1 = GeneratorSparQLManifestFile.GetSparQLQueries(assembly, typeof(SignalGroup).FullName, "AxialVelocityTopOfString");

There are three methods that are defined in the class SignalGroup to interact with the Blackboard. One is RegisterToBlackboard to register a SignalGroup signal on the Blackboard. This method is used to create a manifest file and upload it on the Blackboard if necessary. The method check if the semantic has already been uploaded and if that is the case, it only returns a QueryResult place holder. The method SendToBlackboard is used for updating the value on the Blackboard. The QueryResult place holder must be passed as an argument of the function. There is also another RegisterToBlackboard method that allows to register all the individual signals defined in the SignalGroup class. This method can be used by a digital twin that generates individal signals instead of a group of signals.

Calibrations

The class Calibrations defines a dictionary of CalibrationParameters. A CalibrationParameters is a class that define the Scaling, Bias and Delay that are necessary to minimize the differences of a series of measurements compared to other series of measurements produced by other digital twins. The dictionary has two levels. The first level concerns the properties of the SignalGroup classes. Then for each DrillingProperty in the SignalGroup that has a series of data providers, there is a dictionary of CalibrationParameters for each of the sources. A data source is characterized by an object of the type DWISNodeID.