Kleinware.LikeType 4.0.0

LikeType

Provides 'typedef' like behavior to simple C# classes.

The syntax to use is:

class MyClass : LikeType<BackingType>
{
    public MyClass(BackingType value) : base(value) { }
}

Example:

class CustomerId : LikeType<string>
{
    public CustomerId(string id) : base(id) { }
}

public class OrderId : LikeType<int>
{
    public OrderId(int value) : base(value) { }
}

If the backing type you want to use is a group of values (like a list, array, or similar), then use LikeEnumerableType<T>:

class CustomerList : LikeEnumerableType<CustomerId>
{
    public CustomerList(IEnumerable<CustomerId> value) : base(value) { }    
}

The backing field is readonly and the backing type should be immutable.

Requirements

LikeType is based on .Net Standard 2.0 and supports projects using .Net 4.6.1 and above or .Net Core 2.0 and above. The test and example projects in this repository use .Net 8.0.

Behavior

The code for these examples are found under the Example project in the Basics.cs file.

LikeType Behavior

[TestMethod]
public void ShowLikeTypeBehavior()
{
    // create instance with given backing value
    var customerId = new CustomerId("cust-001");

    // implicit cast from class to backing type of string, sets 'custIdValue' to "cust-001"
    string custIdValue = customerId;
    Assert.AreEqual("cust-001", custIdValue);

    // CustomerId can be used anywhere string is needed. This makes backwards compatibility or
    // interacting with frameworks that don't know about your types easy
    VerifyStringsEqual("cust-001", customerId); // method defined below as VerifyStringsEqual(string value1, string value2)

    // instances with different backing values are not equal. ==, !=, and .Equals(...) can be used
    var otherCustomerId = new CustomerId("cust-002");
    Assert.IsFalse(customerId == otherCustomerId);
    Assert.IsTrue(customerId != otherCustomerId);
    Assert.IsFalse(customerId.Equals(otherCustomerId));

    // create separate instance with same backing value
    var customerIdCopy = new CustomerId("cust-001");

    // Instances are considered equal if their backing values are equal.
    Assert.AreEqual(customerId, customerIdCopy);
    Assert.IsTrue(customerId == customerIdCopy);
    Assert.IsFalse(customerId != customerIdCopy);
}

private void VerifyStringsEqual(string value1, string value2)
{
    Assert.AreEqual(value1, value2);
}

[TestMethod, ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
public void ThrowsWhenGivenNullValueByDefault()
{
    new CustomerId(null);
}

private class NullIsAllowedType : LikeType<string>
{
    // note the second parameter to base class is true to allow null values. Default is false.
    public NullIsAllowedType(string value) : base(value, true) { }
}

[TestMethod]
public void NullCanBeAllowed()
{
    var nullInstance = new NullIsAllowedType(null);
    var otherNullInstance = new NullIsAllowedType(null);
    var nonNullInstance = new NullIsAllowedType("not null");

    Assert.AreEqual(nullInstance, otherNullInstance);
    Assert.AreNotEqual(nullInstance, nonNullInstance);
    Assert.AreEqual(0, nullInstance.GetHashCode());
}

LikeEnumerableType Behavior

[TestMethod]
public void ShowLikeEnumberableTypeBehavior()
{
    var order1 = new OrderId(1);
    var order2 = new OrderId(2);
    var order3 = new OrderId(3);
    var firstOrderGroup = new Orders(order1, order2, order3);
    var copyOfFirstOrderGroup = new Orders(order1, order2, order3);

    // instances are equal if they contain the same items in the same order
    Assert.AreEqual(firstOrderGroup, copyOfFirstOrderGroup);
    Assert.IsTrue(firstOrderGroup == copyOfFirstOrderGroup);

    // different order or different count will cause the instances to not be equal
    var wrongOrder = new Orders(order3, order2, order1);
    Assert.AreNotEqual(firstOrderGroup, wrongOrder);

    // The default ToString behavior will show the name of the type and the count of items
    Assert.AreEqual("Orders[3]", firstOrderGroup.ToString());
}

private class ToStringOrdersExample : LikeEnumerableType<OrderId>
{
    public ToStringOrdersExample(ToStringStrategy toStringStrategy, params OrderId[] value) : base(value, toStringStrategy) { }
}

[TestMethod]
public void ShowLikeEnumerableToString()
{
    var data = new[] { new OrderId(1), new OrderId(2), new OrderId(3) };

    // The default ToString strategy will print the type name and the number of elements
    var countOnlyOrders = new ToStringOrdersExample(ToStringStrategy.CountOnly, data);
    Assert.AreEqual("ToStringOrdersExample[3]", countOnlyOrders.ToString());

    // There is also two strategies to show all items in the instance, using each item's .ToString() method.
    // the first, shown here, presents all items without an Environment.NewLine
    // The second, not shown, inserts an Environment.NewLine between each item
    var descriptiveOrders = new ToStringOrdersExample(ToStringStrategy.AllValuesSingleLine, data);
    Assert.AreEqual("ToStringOrdersExample[3] = { '1', '2', '3' }", descriptiveOrders.ToString());
}

Examples

HashSet example

LikeType values can be used in HashSets for fast, non-sequential lookup

public class SomeInt : LikeType<int>
{
    public SomeInt(int value) : base(value) { }
}

[TestClass]
public class HashSetExample
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void Contains_WhenInstanceAdded_ReturnsTrueWhenTestedWithDifferentInstanceHavingSameValue()
    {
        var myInt = new SomeInt(42);
        var myIntCopy = new SomeInt(42);
        var otherInt = new SomeInt(4111);

        Assert.IsTrue(myInt == myIntCopy);
        Assert.IsFalse(myInt.Equals(otherInt));

        var mySet = new HashSet<SomeInt>();
        mySet.Add(myInt);

        Assert.IsTrue(mySet.Contains(myIntCopy));
    }
}

Order Service Example

Lets say that you have an order printing service that takes in a CustomerId and prints Orders for that customer. You want to test the interaction between the printing service, the order service, and the printer.

public interface IOrderService
{
        Orders GetOrders(CustomerId customerId);
}

public interface IOrderPrinter
{
    void PrintOrders(Orders orderIds);
}

[TestClass]
public class OrderPrintingServiceTests
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void PrintOrders_GivenCustomerId_ThenGetsOrderIdsAndSendsToOrderPrinter()
    {
        // Arrange
        // fixture creates test data for us
        var fixture = new Ploeh.AutoFixture.Fixture();
        // Substutite creates mock objects for us to interact with
        var orderServiceMock = NSubstitute.Substitute.For<IOrderService>();
        var orderPrinterMock = NSubstitute.Substitute.For<IOrderPrinter>();
        // test data
        var customerId = fixture.Create<CustomerId>();
        var orders = fixture.Create<Orders>();
        //when GetOrders() called with value equaling customerId, then return orderIds
        orderServiceMock.GetOrders(customerId).Returns(orders);
        // "System Under Test" (sut)
        var sut = new OrderPrintingService(orderServiceMock, orderPrinterMock);

        // Act
        sut.PrintOrders(customerId);

        // Assert
        orderPrinterMock.Received(1).PrintOrders(orders);
    }
}

public class OrderPrintingService
{
    private readonly IOrderService _orderService;
    private readonly IOrderPrinter _orderPrinter;

    public OrderPrintingService(IOrderService orderService, IOrderPrinter orderPrinter)
    {
        _orderService = orderService;
        _orderPrinter = orderPrinter;
    }

    public void PrintOrders(CustomerId customerId)
    {
        var orderIds = _orderService.GetOrders(customerId);
        _orderPrinter.PrintOrders(orderIds);
    }
}